Thursday, December 13, 2007

I have a dream...

I have a dream to set up and run a fund specifically to take advantage of the current and unfolding real estate market. Three hundred million would be a nice start but a billion would be better. I know of a defunct project in a great location that can be had for 30 cents on the dollar. The problem is that is still about 100 million dollars. I know of a company ripe for a takeover but it would take 300 million dollars to do so. Some would say this is a pipe dream and maybe it is but my head is consumed with these potential deals. Some of them have a 300% return (again potentially) in the next 5 years. WCI (not one that I am going after) is a perfect example. Not to pick on them (WCI) but they have made some poor choices and too many people with too much money have been running the company. WCI is just the poster child, there are many more out there. Some can be nursed back to health and sold for nice margins or kept for nice dividends. If I were you I would ask, "why not put your money where you mouth is?" and the answer is I have and I do. I just don't have 100 million sitting around. I have made money and I will make money. Sometimes a guy just needs a little help. In my case I just need a few people to sit down with me and listen to the details about specific targets. I believe a reasonable person will like what I have to show them. Unlike a typical broker or agent that many times does not care about what happens after the deal is done, I want to run these deals. While commissions are great to pay bills and keep my office open, the real money will be in how the assets are managed and enhanced. Also unlike most "investment advisors" I will risk my own money to show I will put my money where my mouth is. I have a dream of making the right people a lot of money. I have a dream that luck is when opportunity meets preparation. I am prepared I just need opportunity. Feeling lucky?

Thursday, November 29, 2007

The Way to Make Money

I found a quote by JD Rockefeller a couple of years ago that may have some application today. He said "The way to make money is to buy when blood is running in the streets." I have been working with a number of builders and developers that are willing to sell portions or all of their land holdings to reduce their expenses. One developer let me know they would sell finished residential lots for 46% of their cost. If you apply standard metrics for the ratio of lot price to home price you get a finished home and lot price of $220,000. If you apply the standard mortgage to income ratio of 28% the minimum income necessary to purchase the home is $60k (assuming 30 years at 6.5%). What I like about the previous calculation is it shows prices are starting to reach affordable levels for most people. The problem is there are many homes in the area of the afore mentioned subdivision that are being listed for $150k. Until those homes get off the market the ones for $220k will be at a significant disadvantage. I consume a lot of financial information during a typical week. This blog's content is a reflection of my constant search for information. I am seeing some signs indicating this summer (2008 that is) could be the apex of the "blood running in the streets". Only time will tell, and I have been wrong before. I know this is going to sound corny but a lot of my investment decisions are based at least in part on my gut feeling. My gut feeling is directly related to the information I consume over the previous 6 months or so. What I am getting at is my gut does not tell me to jump in with both feet yet. I feel cautious. A lot of people do. With that said, I remember when you could buy lots here in SW Florida for 5-10k just a few years ago. The prices were depressed because everyone thought "who would want one of those?". A broker once told me to avoid lots in a "bad" neighborhood even though the lots were selling for $500. This may not be sound investing advice but anytime you can buy something as tangible as lot for less than a used car you should at least ask yourself "why not?". Just because it looks like no one is buying or there is a lot of something does not mean it is not worth consideration. There are only two downsides I see to buying a cheap lot and they are opportunity cost (what else could I invest in that would provide a better return) and the carry costs such as taxes and interest payments. That is it for now. I hope all that read this blog had a good Thanksgiving. I will write again soon. If you have any questions, feel free to email me or post it on the board. Dave

Thursday, November 8, 2007

A Dose of Fear

That was the subtitle to an Urban Land Institute Emerging Trends program I attended in Las Vegas at the ULI national conference. As I was headed into the office this morning I was listening to a story on NPR about the DJIA almost 400 point dive yesterday. The big talk in the story was about Morgan Stanley having to write down 2 billion or so dollars from the sub-prime mess. As I listened I felt very calm in a deja-vu sort of way. In fact, at the Emerging Trends program we heard it there first! Not about Morgan Stanley but about the broad credit market and how we are only 8 weeks (at the time) into a 2 or 3 year period of predictable instability. After that program I had a bad taste in my mouth. You know the kind of bad taste you get after taking some nasty "cherry" flavored cough syrup. The good news is now that I have "taken my medicine" I feel better. I know we are headed for more disclosure from various financial institutions about how many billions they are going to write off this quarter. Lets face it, times are looking bleak.
Too bad it took so long for the sub-prime mess to rear its ugly head. A dose of fear is just what the doctor ordered for investors pouring money into investments they do not understand - and that includes Wall Street, not just the little guys caught holding 4 houses when they can barely afford one.
When I did my market update this fall, I did not get it 100% correct. Things have declined a little since then and may in fact get worse. The questions are how much worse and for how long. I am an optimist. I cannot help it. I feel in my soul that we are in an opportune time to buy distressed real estate. Each deal needs to make sense (and cents) on its own merits. No more blind investing just because it is real estate. Here are a few ideas I want to share with you that may make you feel better. First, 80 million baby boomers are retiring in the next 20 years. This will not be a gradual event. Sure at first it will just be a trickle but in my opinion in the next 1-3 years we will see a wave of retirement analogous to drinking water from a fire hydrant. If you live or invest near the coast (any coast in America) AND within 60 minutes of a major airport, you better get on your wet-suit because the retirement tsunami is coming. Here in Southwest Florida I like to think we will see 1% of the baby boomers move or buy a second home here. I know it does not sound like much but a small sliver of a very large number is a very big number. In english 1% is 800,000 people. To put that into perspective our tri-county population is only 900,000. So our population will double just from baby boomers and that is not count the hundreds of thousands that will be needed to provide the necessary services to support the population. Another idea I want to share is our country is supposed to grow by another 100 million people in the next 30 years. Re-read the above and think about what I am saying. So there are maybe 15,000 houses on the market right now. So what?! Yes it is going to be painful to carry those houses and condos in the short run. In the long run (20-30 years) we will need another million or so homes. If you assume a linear population increase (it never happen that way, when it rains it pours) that is 50,000 homes and condos will be needed every year for decades. What will be different in the next 20 years from the last 5 is the majority of the new residents will not overpay for something here they can get in another state for half the price. Another fact is many of these people will prefer to rent instead of buy. Well that is it for now.
Take your medicine then tune out the news and be confident in our future.

Thursday, November 1, 2007

When it pays to buy, BUY!

The key to successful investing is to purchase something, be it a stock, a certificate of deposit or real estate for example and then sell it for more than the original cost. While this sounds simple enough in theory: the key is in the execution. A mistake inexperienced investors make is to incorrectly account for all of the costs either before the investment is purchased or when calculating their profit after the sale. If you buy something for ten dollars and sell it for fifteen dollars then you have a gross profit of five dollars.
Inflation is the investor’s enemy. Inflation erodes the real value of your investment while returning more actual dollars. An extreme example can be found in the US economy of the 1970’s. Back then inflation was as much as eighteen percent per year. So if you bought something for ten dollars and sold it for fifteen dollars in three years you would have lost money in terms of buying power even though you made a gross profit of five dollars. By the end of the third year the money used to buy the asset would have earned almost six dollars in interest and yet the profit was only five dollars.Inflation is the borrower’s friend. If money is borrowed at a rate less than inflation and invested in an appreciating asset the investor makes money on the difference between the loan rate and the inflation rate.Generally, the safer the investment, such as a certificate of deposit, the lower the return. Something to watch out for is if the inflation rate rises to more than the rate of the certificate of deposit as this results in a loss in purchase power. Long-term certificates of deposit are the most susceptible to this scenario. If the rate on the certificate of deposit is greater than inflation then BUY.Stocks are considered more risky or volatile than the traditional certificate of deposit. Barring a bank failure, you will always get more money back when a certificate of deposit matures. Stocks do not always sell for more money than the original cost. However, over time stocks have proven to consistently provide a higher return or profit than traditional certificates of deposit. Besides inflation, stocks incur additional costs that certificates of deposit do not. Most investors use a broker of form or another either traditional or Internet based. These brokers charge commissions when the investment is bought and sold. The size of the commissions is based upon the amount of the investment and quantity stock purchased. These commissions can seriously erode or even eliminate an investment’s profit.The best way to avoid commission is to buy and sell in chunks and hold for periods long enough to diminish the commission’s impact. Stocks that pay regular dividends can also help enhance an investments profit. The best time to sell a stock is when the stock has appreciated enough to cover the commission costs and the resulting profit is more than the going rate of a certificate of deposit. A wise stockbroker once said, “You never go broke selling at a profit”. Unfortunately some investors are unsure of when to sell an investment and watch the stock go up and back down, sometimes way down, before they then sell in frustration. Investors and their advisors need to choose what stocks to buy. Just remember to sell when you have made a profit. If a quality stock is paying a dividend that is greater than the going rate for a certificate of deposit, BUY.Real estate can be a very rewarding investment. There are basically two types of real estate, raw land and improved land. In simpler terms think of land as an empty lot in a subdivision and improved land as a lot with a house. The problem with all real estate as an investment, regardless of type is property taxes. There are not many if any other forms of investment that charge an investor an annual fee with so much impact on the bottom line. Another problem with real estate is few investors can make the initial purchase without a mortgage. These two costs are collectively called “carry costs”, as in the investment will not pay for itself so the investor must carry the costs until the investment is sold. Much like stocks, real estate also has brokers and commissions. In real estate, commissions are usually paid by the seller and only rarely charged to buyers. A “hidden cost” sometimes forgotten by investors is the real estate commission. It is true that an investor can sell their own land without a broker but few possess the skill set, time or experience necessary to find a credible buyer.Investors that purchase vacant land therefore have a two-fold hedge against making a profit; property taxes and mortgage payments. In areas of high appreciation investors have been able to make stunning profits in short periods where the carry costs were minimal compared to the profit made. These days, the amount of rapidly appreciating real estate is almost non-existent. When an opportunity to buy vacant land comes along, be sure to account for the carry costs and sales commission when forecasting a potential profit. An important note to make here is if the asset is being purchased for either a present or future use then maybe the profit potential is less important. An example of this is if you buy the vacant lot next to your house for increase privacy or simply a place for the kids to play then carry costs are less important than the present and future enjoyment of the “investment”.Investors that purchase improved land are usually looking for income on a regular basis from the investment. Examples are rental houses, shopping centers, office buildings and other commercial property. Besides the carry costs noted above, improved real estate usually needs insurance and maintenance for the building portion of the investment. Traditionally insurance and maintenance costs were a small part of the overall budget. With heavy losses from the insurance industry, property insurance in many locations is very expensive. Sometimes the tenants cannot afford to absorb the increased insurance meaning the owner faces the choice of either paying the additional expense of the insurance or finding a new tenant that will.On one hand commercial real estate is much more involved than buying stock or a certificate of deposit. On the other hand, if the cost of purchasing the property plus the reoccurring costs (taxes, insurance, maintenance and management) still result in steady positive cash-flow then the extra effort is worth the trouble.The gross income minus the reoccurring costs is known as net operating income or NOI. The NOI divided by the total cost of the property and building is known as the capitalization rate and often referred to as the “cap rate”. The cap rate is the dividend of real estate investment. Generally, the cap rate should be at least the rate of a certificate of deposit plus the rate of inflation. So if a certificate of deposit is paying 5% and inflation is 3% then the cap rate should be at least 8%.Finding investment property that meets the criteria outlined above is very difficult. Now that we are in the beginning stages of the baby boom retirement tsunami, there is a lot of money chasing income producing real estate. Since 2004 the cap rates have steadily declined due to “return hungry” investors willing to pay more for a property than the previous owner. Since investors pay more and the NOI stays about the same, the new investors are willing to earn less of a return on their investment dollars.The foreseeable future, will most likely reward multi-family investments more than traditional strip malls and suburban office buildings. This is due to the anticipated increase in demand for apartments as millions of homes head in to foreclosure. Rents should be stable and grow modestly as demand remains steady or even rises. Office rental rates may stagnate or even decline due to oversupply or reduced demand depending upon the location. The slowdown of the housing industry has greatly reduced the number of solvent builders and subcontractors, thus the demand for office space. As vacant homes fill over time the demand for services will improve the demand for office space.Be careful when choosing your real estate investment. Ask questions, consider all of the costs including your time and determine your ability to deal with uncertainty. Real estate investing can be very rewarding, just ask Donald Trump. While today’s economy appears shaky and there are many reasons not to buy investment property the rule of thumb is “When it Pays to buy, BUY!”

Friday, February 9, 2007

How to buy investment property

Real Estate Investment in 2007 and Beyond
By David H. Farmer


The real estate market is DEAD! Or is it? I like the analogy of a pendulum swinging from boom to bust and back to boom again. What makes the real estate market swing from boom to bust and back again is demand. Let’s be honest, consumers or end-users drive the real estate market just like they drive any market. When a product is scarce or demand outstrips supply, the price goes up. When a product is widely available or demand is slack, the price goes down.For those pundits and experts that claim the market is fine “we just need some time to sell the inventory”, you are wrong. For those “investors” that have been burned, due to slack demand, after the recent run-up in prices that claim the market is dead, you are wrong too. To the pundits and experts I say end-users prices need to fall to build demand. The excess product inventory in the market (pick your product, it does not matter) is so extreme time itself will not cure the problem. Prices need to fall. To “investors” I say desirable product at the right price is selling.In Southwest Florida where I live and spend over half of my time you can see both sides of this issue. Two production homebuilders that I work with regularly are looking for land to keep up with demand for their product. These homebuilders have price points that reflect what most of us can afford to pay in rent, namely in the $150’s to the $250’s. Many other builders, mostly nationally known, are cutting prices and “dumping” massive amounts of inventory in an effort to reduce the pain of interest carry costs. These homebuilders have price points that reflect the crazy “irrational exuberance” of 2003-2005, namely in the $300’s to the $500’s that most people cannot afford to rent on a modest income. What is really sad is the nationals are cutting prices, but they are still above the $300’s mark which is out of most peoples reach. I had one national builder exclaim “I don’t even know how you can build a house for less than $250 thousand!” Boy, are they in trouble.Another group that is in trouble is “mom and pop” investors who got caught buying or holding real estate when the music stopped. These folks do not have the same deep pockets that the national builders have. They cannot afford to cut their asking price to 60% of what they paid. So, in the case of homes and condos they try to rent them accepting a loss for what they hope will be a short period of time, maybe a few months, hopefully not years. The problem here is the sheer number of small investors that are holding property in this fashion. It will be hard for a builder to charge more for a particular product when a buyer can find many similar examples on the market for less than the (future) cost to build new. Prices will stagnate and the market will view the area as a poor place to invest money for the future.Now that you are convinced all real estate is currently and for the foreseeable future a poor investment, let me tell you a little secret; land and homes at price points that “normal” people can afford are selling and selling well. Places that did not experience the surge in “appreciation” like Naples, Florida did are selling new homes priced $250 thousand and under with little apparent lag from pre surge levels (circa 2004). In general terms, if you buy a quality home for less than $250 thousand you will probably experience the traditional 3-6% annual appreciation of past years, maybe more. If you can sell homes for less than $250 thousand, you will probably do very well indeed.Here are the five essentials to professional real estate investing:1. Location, Location, Location. This mantra is tried and true but it has a cousin some investors forget about, namely Quality, Quality, Quality. You can have a great location in terms of proximity but a poor location in terms of quality. Sometimes quality can be mitigated by installing buffers for noise and site problems. Other times a low quality site is just that, low quality and that will come back to haunt you in terms of sales velocity. Your competitor’s sales will occur much faster if you are both in the same location but you have a quality issue and he does not.2. Price, Price, Price. One of my favorite questions is “How much for how much?”. Sellers that are not serious will tell you to make an offer. Motivated sellers will tell you the bottom line and stick to it. Regardless of price what matters most is value. Brokers have tried to sell me land that was only $5,000 per acre. Sounds good so far right? The key to value is how much of that land will be needed to produce a given amount of product. For example, if I need 10 acres to meet zoning codes to build one house, then each “unit” will have a land cost of $50,000. In some areas that is a great deal. In most areas that is a terrible deal. I try not to get too excited about a deal until I know the answer to “how much for how much”. There is an old saying in real estate “you make money buying land not selling it”. In other words if you pay too much on the front end it will be hard to make it up when it comes time to sell. Knowing what something is worth is part art and part calculation.The issue of price cuts both ways. When you go to sell the property it is most helpful if you can show the buyer why the property is worth what you are asking. At a very minimum you need to be able to explain how you arrived at the asking price. One method I use to sell property is to show the buyer how they are going to make money. You see, I am a specialist. I know my limits and I do not want to be the guy that does everything from A-Z. This also means that I do not necessarily get the highest sale price. So what. I want people to buy from me again and helping them make money will bring them back again and again. A friend of mine was telling me “I just cannot give this property away”. I immediately said, “Excuse me, give?” I will take anything you are giving away. He then qualified his statement saying he wanted X million dollars. I asked him where he got his number and he told me “that is what they were paying last year”. While he at least had a basis for his price, last year’s numbers do not mean a hill of beans, especially in a soft market. I tried showing him that is price was inconsistent with the neighborhood but he said he would hold out for his price. He is still holding.3. Investigate, Investigate, Investigate. A word that should be synonymous with investment is investigate. As Ben Franklin said “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”. The internet can be a great source of preliminary information about a particular site or region. I use a site that offers access to USGS maps and aerial photos. The great thing about USGS maps is they show general topographic information and can indicate if an area is inundated with water for part of the year. The maps are only a guide but this preliminary legwork is a great first step in deciding if a property is worthy of spending on the traditional studies and surveys. In a typical property investigation, known in the business as due diligence, costs range from a few thousand dollars to hundreds of thousands. A general rule of thumb for a due diligence budget is about 2% of the purchase price.4. Variety, Variety, Variety. As the saying goes variety is the spice of life. This is also an often overlooked key to successful investing. I call it the Neapolitan approach – a little chocolate, a little strawberry and a little vanilla. Make sure you have a variety of products and locations to suit more than one budget and lifestyle preference. This may include multiple lot sizes, single and multi-story units and units for families and singles. Commercial developments can also benefit from this approach. Also, incorporation/integration of commercial and residential, sometimes referred to as mixed-use, goes a long way toward satisfying the Neapolitan approach.5. Taxes, Taxes, Taxes. Anytime you are talking about making money taxes need to be considered before the investment is made. There are many ways to structure deals, there are only a few ways to do it right in terms of taxes. Structured correctly, a long-term capital gain can be accomplished at favorable rates as compared to regular income rates. Expert tax advice from a trusted personal tax consultant is advisable.Professional investors should focus on land or developments that will produce products affordable to the masses. While this attitude is socially responsible, I am advocating this position out of pure investment responsibility.There are many facets to real estate investment and development. Think of the preceding information as general guidance and not the complete picture. Start small and try to learn from other’s mistakes. Another good piece of advice is to partner with an experienced person or group that is reputable and has a track record in purchasing, permitting, marketing and ultimately selling the property at a profit.


All articles, text, graphics, the selection and arrangement are Copyright 2006-2007 by Keystone Companies, LLC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Any use of materials on this blog, including reproduction, modification, distribution or republication, without the prior written consent of David H. Farmer or Keystone Companies, LLC is strictly prohibited.

Tuesday, February 6, 2007

Welcome to my blog

Welcome to my Blog. The reason I started this blog is to share my views with you on real estate investment and what I see as market trends. I have worked in the development industry since 1989, originally at an engineering consulting firm, and since 2000 as a developer and investor. I believe in the practical application of common sense (or common cents) to real estate investment. With that said I have also been in a position where I just had to buy something, without being able to give good concrete reasons. I just went with my gut. Most of the time though I try to rely upon basic fundamentals/principles such as “you never go broke taking a profit”, “do your homework” and “begin with the end in mind”. I hope you like the blog and feel free to challenge me or ask a question.


Please keep in mind that all articles, text, graphics, the selection and arrangement are Copyright 2006-2008 by Keystone Development Advisors, LLC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Any use of materials on this blog, including reproduction, modification, distribution or republication, without the prior written consent of David H. Farmer or Keystone Development Advisors, LLC is strictly prohibited